Art of Italy Between 1200 and 1400 Most Important Artist

Italian Painting: 1200–1400

In the early Renaissance, painters began to cover naturalistic styles, creating images with attention to class and space.

Learning Objectives

Identify the prominent artists and styles in Italy during the Early Renaissance

Primal Takeaways

Key Points

• The Florentine School of Painting is characterized by the naturalism in painting in Florence that started to emerge in the 13th century.
• The period between 1200 and 1400 in Italy provides an important bridge in Art History between the Medieval period and Byzantine and Gothic styles , and the Early Modern period and Renaissance styles.
• Painters began to comprehend the more naturalistic styles. Harkening back to classical figures, they created images portraying strong emotion and that paid attention to relationships between figures. Their painting expressed a type of realism not nowadays in Byzantine styles.

Key Terms

• tempera: A method of painting where the artist mixes pigment with water and a folder, unremarkably egg.
• Renaissance: The 14th century revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy and spread throughout Europe over the following 2 centuries.

The Florentine School of Painting is characterized by the naturalism in art that started to sally in Florence in the 13th century. This set the stage for what would become the corking period of Florentine art in later centuries that would include the piece of work of groovy artists such as Michelangelo, Fra Angelico, Botticelli, Donatello, and Lippi.

Notwithstanding, art in Florence and northern Italia during the menstruum between 1200 and 1400 was still in transition; it was a bridge in Art History betwixt the Medieval period and Byzantine and Gothic styles, and the Early Modern period and Renaissance styles. Sometimes referred to as the proto-Renaissance period, fine art and compages in northern Italy provided important hints at the trends that would have concur over the side by side centuries in the rest of Europe.

City states and duchies such as Pisa, Milan, Lucca, and Florence were the main homes of these developments. In spite of the many challenges during the period, such as the ongoing ravages of the Black Plague, these metropolis states experienced periods of politically stability and economic growth, which provided a good foundation for new experimentation in art.

In Florence, leading families prospered under the economic growth promoted through merchandise. Each of these leading families vied for power, only likewise for cultural prominence, and became great patrons of the arts (the Medici family unit existence the prime example).

At the same time, at that place were great changes occurring in art both in terms of styles and philosophies. One important modify was a focus on the individual in religious practices, which also translated into a greater naturalistic and humanist focus in fine art.

Florence

Painters in this metropolis wholeheartedly embraced naturalist styles. Harkening dorsum to classical figures, they created images with attention to portraying strong emotions and relationships between figures—painting that expressed a type of realism non present in Byzantine styles.

I painter who demonstrated the shift that was occurring in Florentine painting during this time is Cimabue (c.1240-1302). In his Maesta the viewer may observe elements of both the earlier Byzantine fashion of painting, as well as the emerging Renaissance style. The work retains the gold background that was familiar in Byzantine icons , and his figures are rendered in a Byzantine mode. Nevertheless, Cimabue made efforts to create space in this work, which would become an important aspect in Renaissance art. His angels surrounding the Virgin and Child overlap one another to indicate infinite and Cimabue paid great attention to the Virgin's throne to create a realistic depiction of space too.

Cimabue, Maesta, c.12801285.: Cimabue's artwork reflects the changes that were occurring in Florentine painting during this menstruation, by demonstrating both the older Byzantine style besides every bit the emerging Renaissance style.

Artists were able to work in Florence at least in function due to the influential art guilds , including the painters' lodge Arte dei Medici east Spezeiali. These guilds also became important patrons of the arts, and took over the maintenance and improvements of religious buildings.

Siena

The Sienese School of painting was more conservative than painting in Florence, merely notwithstanding important, flourishing between the 1200s and 1400s. Some of the important painters from this menses included Duccio and his pupils Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Simone Martini, and Matteo di Giovanni.

Duccio di Buoninsegna is 1 of the best known Siena painters of the time. His work was oft ornate with the utilize of golden leaf and jewels, demonstrating how Siena was focused on the physical materiality of piece of work. His piece of work in egg tempera also used brighter colors, rounded out features in faces and hands, and played with light and dark colors to highlight the figures under the drapery creating natural form , which was very unlike Byzantine figures but of import to emerging Renaissance artists.

Duccio'southward piece of work was considered quite emotional, with a renewed focus on storytelling through the interactions of figures in the images and the selection of strong interpretations of biblical stories. The altarpiece Maestà (1308–1310) is one of his slap-up works. Composed of multiple paintings and commissioned by the city of Sienna, the slice depicts the life of the Virgin Mary and Christ. The Virgin's knee juts out toward the viewer as Duccio has created a realistic sense of form–an essential element of the emerging Renaissance style. While his work retains the gilt groundwork and aureate halos and so of import in Byzantine art (and to Sienese patrons), this fine art acts as a span between the late Medieval era and Early on Renaissance.

Duccio, Maestà, 1308–1311: Duccio's work demonstrates the emerging Renaissance style, as seen in the adult grade of the figures, too as the older Byzantine styles and the Sienese preference for materiality with the use of gold.

Italian Painting: Giotto

Giotto was one of the most revered painters of his time and an important span between the medieval and renaissance periods.

Learning Objectives

Describe Giotto's utilize of naturalism, storytelling, and perspective in his piece of work

Key Takeaways

Primal Points

• Giotto di Bondone was born during the belatedly 1200s in the Florence region of Italy. He would go on to become ane of the most revered painters of his time and an important bridge between the medieval and renaissance periods.
• The Arena Chapel frescoes in Padua, which describe scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary and Jesus, are some of Giotto's best known masterpieces.
• Scholars debate which works should be attributed to Giotto and which works should be attributed to his assistants or other artists working in his fashion .
• Giotto's singled-out contribution to the history of art was a return to a style that straight references the natural world; his paintings aimed to capture the realism of the human class .

Key Terms

• fresco: The technique of applying pigment, mixed with water, to moisture plaster. Every bit the pigment and plaster dry they fuse together and the painting physically becomes a role of the wall.

Giotto di Bondone was born during the tardily 1200s in the Florence region of Italy. He would go on to become ane of the most revered painters of his time, and an important bridge between the medieval and renaissance periods.

The Arena Chapel frescoes were deputed past the patron Enrico Scrovegni and depict scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary and Jesus. They are Giotto's all-time known masterpieces.

Kiss of Judas: One of the most dramatic scenes from Giotto's Arena Chapel frescoes depicts the moment Judas betrays Christ by identifying him to Roman soldiers.

Scholars fence over which works should exist attributed to Giotto and which works should exist attributed to assistants or other artists. For example, Giotto appears to have apprenticed with the Florentine painter Cimabue in Rome and may have been responsible for portions of the Chapel at Assisi. However, there is no documentation to confirm his work in Assisi.

Giotto's singled-out contribution to the history of art was a return to a fashion that directly references the natural world, a style that had non been emphasized by Medieval or Byzantine painters. While Medieval and Byzantine styles favored flat, elongated figures and a lack of natural perspective Giotto returned painting to a fashion that aimed to capture the naturalism of the human form.

Some other strength of Giotto'southward piece of work was his storytelling ability. He was skilled at selecting strong interpretations of Biblical stories and at drawing viewers to the virtually visually and spiritually rich aspects of the story. This focus on relationships between figures, as well equally a renewed interest in perspective and life drawing, are some of the aspects that would become prominent in Renaissance painting.

Italian Compages 1200-1400

The Gothic style was the leading architectural style in Italian republic during this time period. Nonetheless, Italian architects interpreted Gothic architecture differently than they did in France, resulting in a few key regional differences.

Learning Objectives

Discuss the compages of Florence, Italian republic, during the Eye Ages and the compages of the Florence Cathedral

Primal Takeaways

Key Points

• While the French Gothic style gained popularity in many parts of Europe, the Gothic style was interpreted differently in Italy.
• Gothic buildings in cities such as Florence lack the stained glass that characterizes French Gothic structures and as a whole they lack the emphasized verticality of French Gothic Cathedrals .
• The Florence Cathedral is an example of the Gothic style in Italy.

Key Terms

• lancet: A alpine, narrow archway with a pointed curvation at its tiptop.
• flying buttress: A buttress that stands apart from the structure that it supports, and is connected to information technology past an arch (flyer).

Florence: Architecture and Metalwork

Gothic architecture was developed in France and was characterized by lancet , or pointed, archways used for both windows and doorways. These allowed for both thinner walls and larger windows. The stained drinking glass windows that seemed to replace walls birthday are the hallmark of French Gothic architecture. Other characteristics of the Gothic style include the increased use of flying buttresses to support walls, and a shift towards more slender and ornate columns , and vaulted ceilings.

While the French Gothic way gained popularity in many parts of Europe, the Gothic mode was interpreted differently in Italia. Gothic buildings in cities such every bit Florence lack the stained drinking glass that characterizes French Gothic structures and as a whole they lack the emphasized verticality of French Gothic Cathedrals.

Florence Cathedral

The Florence Cathedral is a great example of the Gothic style in Italy. Begun in 1296, the Cathedral is congenital in the Gothic style as Renaissance architecture had yet to be developed.

Florence Cathedral, begun 1296: The Cathedral is pictured lit upwardly at night, showcasing its Gothic fashion and large dome.

As the exterior view of the Cathedral demonstrates, Italian Gothic structures did not incorporate the stained drinking glass windows, which had go so essential to French Gothic structures. The interior of the Cathedral, including the groin vaults and pointed arches , demonstrates the Gothic elements of its architecture quite clearly.

Florence Cathedral, Interior view, begun 1296: In the interior of the Cathedral, y'all can see the Gothic elements, such as the groin vaults and pointed arches.

sheltonallic1975.blogspot.com

Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/italy-in-the-gothic-period/

Share this post